Comparison between discrete and continuous analysis of facial expressions,elicited by bitter-tasting beverages in overweight and healthy-weight individuals

The aim of the present study was to compare the information provided by a discrete and continuous data analysis of two emotions (disgust and joy), elicited by bitter-tasting beverages (coffee, yerba mate infusion and grapefruit juice) in two groups with different body mass index (BMI): overweight group (25 < BMI < 30), and healthy-weight control group (18.5 < BMI ≤ 25). Participants (n = 66; 34 females, 32 males) evaluated a total of three consecutive sips of the same beverage (taking one sip every 20 s and registering a continuous video for 60 s). The Wilcoxon test (continuous analysis) showed some changes generated as the drinks were being consumed. The biggest difference was the expression of disgust for coffee in the high BMI group, at the first sip (0–10 s). It represented 27% compared to 2% in normal BMI. The continuous analysis allowed to observe the periods where the differences were greater (0–10 and 40–50 s).     

2091铝锂合金疲劳性能的定量研究

采用新的应力疲劳公式对２０９１铝锂合金Ｔ８态（２０９１Ｔ８）、焊态（２０９１Ｗ）及焊后热处理（２０９１ＷＨＴ）的板材的疲劳试验结果进行了拟合，得到了具有理论疲劳极限的Ｓ－Ｎ曲线数学表达式。与文献中采用Ｍａｎｓｏｎ－Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ公式拟合结果相比，认为本文采用的新的应力疲劳寿命公式的拟合结果更为成功和合理．     

A hesitant fuzzy model of computational trust considering hesitancy,vagueness and uncertainty

The aim of this work is to introduce a trust model, which is highly consistent with the social nature of trust in computational domains. To this end, we propose a hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision making based computational trust model capable of taking into account the fundamental building blocks corresponding to the concept of trust. The proposed model is capable of considering the contextuality property of trust and the subjective priorities of the trustor regarding the chosen goal. This is due to viewing trust not as a single label or an integrated concept, but as a collection of trustworthiness facets that may form the trust decision in various contexts and toward different goals. The main benefit of the proposed model is the consideration of the hesitancy of recommenders and the trustor in the process of trust decision making which can create a more flexible mapping between the social and computational requirements of trust. This type of formulation also allows for taking into account the vagueness of the provided opinions. In addition to the vagueness of the provided opinions, the model is capable of considering the certainty of recommendations and its effect on the aggregation process of gathered opinions. In the proposed model, the taste of the recommenders and the similarity of opinions are also considered. This will allow the model to assign more weight to recommendations that have a similar taste compared to the trustor. Finally, taking into consideration the attitudes of the trustors toward change of personality that may occur for various entities in the environment is another advantage of the proposed model. A step-by-step illustrative example and the results of several experimental evaluations, which demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model, are also presented in this paper.     

Output-associative RVM regression for dimensional and continuous emotion prediction

Many problems in machine learning and computer vision consist of predicting multi-dimensional output vectors given a specific set of input features. In many of these problems, there exist inherent temporal and spatial dependencies between the output vectors, as well as repeating output patterns and input–output associations, that can provide more robust and accurate predictors when modeled properly. With this intrinsic motivation, we propose a novel Output-Associative Relevance Vector Machine (OA-RVM) regression framework that augments the traditional RVM regression by being able to learn non-linear input and output dependencies. Instead of depending solely on the input patterns, OA-RVM models output covariances within a predefined temporal window, thus capturing past, current and future context. As a result, output patterns manifested in the training data are captured within a formal probabilistic framework, and subsequently used during inference. As a proof of concept, we target the highly challenging problem of dimensional and continuous prediction of emotions, and evaluate the proposed framework by focusing on the case of multiple nonverbal cues, namely facial expressions, shoulder movements and audio cues. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed OA-RVM regression by performing subject-independent evaluation using the SAL database that constitutes naturalistic conversational interactions. The experimental results show that OA-RVM regression outperforms the traditional RVM and SVM regression approaches in terms of accuracy of the prediction (evaluated using the Root Mean Squared Error) and structure of the prediction (evaluated using the correlation coefficient), generating more accurate and robust prediction models.     

基于变形FrFT和线性同余的光学图像加密算法

基于双随机相位编码光学图像加密系统,利用线性同余发生器（LCG）生成随机相位,结合变形分数傅里叶变换（AFrFT）,提出了一种改进的光学图像加密方法。方法的特点是：LCG函数的4个参数都可作为密钥;相比常规FrFT,变形FrFT的分数阶数目多1倍;算法密钥的数量从2重增加到8重,并且还有2个辅助密钥,大大提高了加密系统...     

Young infants' generalization of emotional expressions: Effects of familiarity.

From birth, infants are exposed to a wealth of emotional information in their interactions. Much research has been done to investigate the development of emotion perception, and factors influencing that development. The current study investigates the role of familiarity on 3.5-month-old infants' generalization of emotional expressions. Infants were assigned to one of two habituation sequences: in one sequence, infants were visually habituated to parental expressions of happy or sad. At test, infants viewed either a continuation of the habituation sequence, their mother depicting a novel expression, an unfamiliar female depicting the habituated expression, or an unfamiliar female depicting a novel expression. In the second sequence, a new sample of infants was matched to the infants in the first sequence. These infants viewed the same habituation and test sequences, but the actors were unfamiliar to them. Only those infants who viewed their own mothers and fathers during the habituation sequence increased looking. They dishabituated looking to maternal novel expressions, the unfamiliar female's novel expression, and the unfamiliar female depicting the habituated expression, especially when sad parental expressions were followed by an expression change to happy or to a change in person. Infants are guided in their recognition of emotional expressions by the familiarity of their parents, before generalizing to others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

架空屏蔽电缆–大地耦合的感应电流谐振分析

为了从理论上分析计算空间电磁场耦合在电缆上产生的感应电流,基于架空屏蔽电缆–大地回路的有源传输线模型,得到电缆两端接不同负载时,空间电磁场在电缆上产生的感应电流的解析表达式;分析了电缆感应电流的谐振机理,得到了谐振频率与电缆长度应满足的关系;并讨论了感应电流谐振与大地电导率、电缆架空高度等参数的关系。研究结果表明,当电缆感应电流发生谐振时,电缆–大地回路时间常数越大,感应电流越大;当大地电导率为0.01 S/m、照射波频率为75 MHz、电缆半径为4 mm、电缆距地高度为1 m、电缆长度为2 m、电缆两端架空时,电缆上感应电流的理论计算结果与实测结果之间的误差5 d B。     

Neuropsychological evidence for visual- and motor-based affordance: Effects of reference frame and object–hand congruence.

Two experiments are reported that use patients with visual extinction to examine how visual attention is influenced by action information in images. In Experiment 1 patients saw images of objects that were either correctly or incorrectly colocated for action, with the objects held by hands that were congruent or incongruent with those used premorbidly by the patients. The images were also shown from a 1st- and 3rd-person perspective. There was an overall reduction in extinction for objects colocated for action. In addition, there was an extra benefit when the objects were held in hands congruent with those used by the patients and when the objects were seen from a 1st-person perspective. This last result fits with an effect of motor simulation, over and above a purely visual effect based on positioning objects correctly for action. Experiment 2 showed that effects of hand congruence could emerge with images depicted from a 3rd-person perspective when patients saw themselves holding the objects. The data indicate 2 effects of action information on extinction: (a) an effect of colocating objects for action, which does not depend on a self-reference frame (a visual effect), and (b) an effect sensitive to object–hand congruence, which does depend on a self-reference frame (a motor-based effect). The self-reference frame is induced when stimuli are viewed from a 1st-person perspective and when an image of the self is seen from a 3rd-person perspective. Both visual and motor-based effects of action information facilitate the spread of attention across objects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A virtual teleconferencing system based on face detection and 3D animation in a low‐bandwidth environment

In this article, we proposed a novel teleconferencing system that combines a facial muscle model and the techniques of face detection and facial feature extraction to synthesize a sequence of life‐like face animation. The proposed system can animate realistic 3D face images in a low‐bandwidth environment to support virtual videoconferencing. Based on the technique of feature extraction, a face detection algorithm for the virtual conferencing system is proposed in this article. In the proposed face detection algorithm, the YCbCr skin color model is used to detect the possible face area of the image; the feature points of the face is determined by using the symmetry property of the face and the gray level characteristics of the eyes and the mouth. According to the positions of the feature points on a facial image, we can compute the transformation values of the feature points. These values will then be sent via a network from the sender's side to the receiver's side frame by frame. We can synthesize the realistic facial animations on the receiver's side based on these. Experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve a practical animated face‐to‐face virtual conference with good facial expressions and a low‐bandwidth requirement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 323–332, 2010